However, this can be more restrictive and may cause issues if a new minor version introduces breaking changes that are required by the package. The tilde () and caret () symbols are both used in the package.json file to specify version ranges for package dependencies. Using the tilde ( ~) can be useful in some cases, such as when you want to ensure that only patch updates are installed and no minor updates. ![]() This is because the caret ( ^) allows for patch and minor updates to be installed, but not breaking changes or major updates. In general, it is recommended to use the caret ( ^) when specifying dependencies in a package.json file, as it allows for more flexibility in terms of which versions are acceptable. ![]() Normally these dependencies are pretty straight-forward and easy to understand. Running npm install will not re-check if there's an even newer version available than you already have installed. Things change when you already have nodemodules populated. For example, if a package depends on ^1.2.3, it will accept versions 1.2.4 and 1.3.0, but not version 2.0.0. Carets and Tildes in Version Numbers Within every npm-backed project, the dependencies are tracked and managed inside a package.json file via the 'dependencies' JSON property. The package.json file is evaluated, and satisfying versions are installed for each dependency. The caret ( ^) indicates that the specified version or higher is acceptable, but only within the same major version. For example, if a package depends on ~1.2.3, it will accept version 1.2.4, but not version 1.3.0. For instance, if you run npm install foobar you will see an entry like foobar: 1.1.0. The tilde ( ~) indicates that the specified version or higher is acceptable, but only within the same minor version. Historically, projects use SemVer ranges in their package.json. In the package.json file of a Node.js project, the tilde ( ~) and caret ( ^) are used to specify version constraints for dependencies.
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